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Sources and verification

Nothing about a tool’s flags or behaviour, a machine’s capabilities, a model’s size, licence or capability, or a technique’s results appears in this course without having been checked against an official source or measured on the validation hardware. Where something could not be verified, the course says so rather than filling the gap with a confident guess.

Sources are used in this order of authority:

  1. The tool’s own documentation and README at the pinned version, and its --help output captured into the command reference.
  2. Vendor hardware and platform documentation: NVIDIA for the DGX Spark, CUDA and GeForce; AMD for ROCm and the Ryzen AI Max+; Apple for MLX, Metal and macOS; Microsoft for WSL2.
  3. Model cards on Hugging Face and the publisher’s release notes, plus the licence text itself.
  4. Papers for techniques: attention, adapters, preference optimisation, reinforcement learning, distillation, speculative decoding, disaggregated serving, cited by title and identifier.
  5. Measurements made on the validation hardware, recorded with their full context.

Forums, blog posts, videos and social media may aid understanding and may point at a source. They never establish behaviour. Benchmark numbers from third parties are quoted only as “reported by”, with the link and the date, never as the course’s own claim.

Every lab is written from the official documentation of the versions pinned on the what you need page, and then executed on the author’s lab machines before the course is released: two NVIDIA DGX Sparks, a GMKtec EVO-X2, an Apple silicon MacBook Pro and an NVIDIA laptop running Ubuntu. Each lab page states which tracks were run, with the versions and the date, and which were not.

That claim has limits worth stating plainly:

  • The Mac used for validation has 24 GB of memory, so Track M pages with a larger floor are written from documentation and marked as such. The two-Mac cluster lab was not run.
  • The NVIDIA laptop has 16 GB of VRAM, so the 24 and 32 GB tiers on Track N are documented from the 16 GB run plus arithmetic, and multi-GPU desktops were not run.
  • Native Windows and WSL2 commands were checked by inspection against NVIDIA’s and Microsoft’s documentation, not executed.

If you find something that does not behave as described, the official documentation and your own measurement win, and the course is wrong. Please treat it that way and report it.

The engines, trainers and agents this course teaches release weekly. Every page that describes a tool’s behaviour names the version and the date it was checked; the pins are reviewed every quarter, and the build warns when a pin is more than four months old. Where a vendor’s own documentation is out of date, the page says so rather than silently correcting it.

The index below is built from the pages themselves: each page records its sources in its own metadata, and this list is assembled from those records at build time. It cannot list a citation the course does not make, and it cannot miss one that it does.

1024 distinct sources are cited across 184 of the course's 184 content pages. Pages that make no checkable claim about a tool, a machine or a model — the conceptual lessons — carry no citations, which is why the counts differ.

adk.dev

Google ADK — Modelsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Model connectors; self-hosted options

Google ADK — vLLMretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: LiteLlm with a self-hosted endpoint

ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu

ai.google.dev

Gemma Prohibited Use Policyretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Last modified 21 February 2024

Gemma Terms of Useretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Scope note and Appendix; 1.1(b), (c), (e); 3.1, 3.2, 3.3; 4.5; 4.6 (last modified 1 April 2026)

aider.chat

Aider — advanced model settingsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Model settings; search order

Aider — Ollamaretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Context window; API base; ollama_chat prefix

Aider — options referenceretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: message; test-cmd; auto-test; yes-always

Aider LLM leaderboardsretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Polyglot benchmark; Polyglot benchmark; last updated; Polyglot benchmark; entries; last updated

alexgarcia.xyz

sqlite-vec — KNN queriesretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: MATCH and k; distance metrics; MATCH and k; distance metrics; joining to source rows

sqlite-vec — Pythonretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Installation; loading the extension; Installation; loading the extension; serialize_float32

allenai.org

anthropic.com

Anthropic — Building effective agentsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Agents versus workflows; agent-computer interfaces; Agents versus workflows; the augmented LLM; agent-computer interfaces; Routing; when to add complexity; Routing; parallelisation; orchestrator-workers; evaluator-optimiser; when to add complexity; When to add complexity

Anthropic — Effective context engineering for AI agentsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Context as a finite resource; compaction; note-taking; just-in-time retrieval; tool design; Context as a finite resource; the attention budget

apache.org

Apache License, Version 2.0retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Section 1 (Object form, Derivative Works); sections 2, 3, 4 and 6

api.ngc.nvidia.com

apple.com

ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org

Attention Is All You Need — full text (ar5iv rendering)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: 3.1 Encoder and Decoder Stacks; 3.2.1 Scaled Dot-Product Attention; 3.2.2 Multi-Head Attention; 3.3 Position-wise Feed-Forward Networks; 3.4 Embeddings and Softmax; 3.5 Positional Encoding

arena.ai

arxiv.org

A Simple and Effective Pruning Approach for Large Language Models (Sun, Liu, Bair and Kolter, arXiv:2306.11695)retrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Abstract; 3 Wanda, Pruning by Weights and Activations (the pruning metric and its squared form; Structured N:M Sparsity); Abstract

AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Abstract; eight environments; failure analysis; Open-source versus API models; failure analysis

DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scale (Yu et al., arXiv:2503.14476)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Abstract; Clip-Higher; Dynamic Sampling; Token-Level Policy Gradient Loss; Overlong Reward Shaping; Abstract; Dynamic Sampling

DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning, first version (arXiv:2501.12948v1)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: 2.2.2 Reward Modeling; 2.3.1 Cold Start to 2.3.4 Reinforcement Learning for all Scenarios; 2.4 Distillation; 4.1 Distillation v.s. Reinforcement Learning

DeepSeek-V3 Technical Reportretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: 2.1.2 DeepSeekMoE with Auxiliary-Loss-Free Load Balancing

Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model (Rafailov et al., arXiv:2305.18290v3)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Abstract; 3 Preliminaries (beta); 4 Direct Preference Optimization (Equation 7, implicit reward, gradient)

gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Card (arXiv:2508.10925)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Table 1; 2.6 Evaluation; Figure 1; Table 3; 5.2.3.1 SWE-bench Verified

Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena (Zheng et al., arXiv:2306.05685)retrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Abstract; biases of LLM judges; Abstract; biases of LLM judges; agreement with human preferences

Medusa: Simple LLM Inference Acceleration Framework with Multiple Decoding Headsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Medusa-1; self-distillation; Abstract; Medusa-1 and Medusa-2; tree attention; self-distillation

Qwen3 Technical Report (arXiv:2505.09388)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: 4 Post-training (Strong-to-Weak Distillation); 4.5 Strong-to-Weak Distillation; 3.1 Pre-training Data (36 trillion tokens, all Qwen3 models); 3.1 Pre-training Data (36 trillion tokens, 119 languages); 3.2 Pre-training Stage (three stages and their token counts); 4.6 Post-training Evaluation; Tables 17 and 18

Qwen3 Technical Report (arXiv:2505.09388)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Pre-training data - 36 trillion tokens for all Qwen3 models

Qwen3 Technical Report (arXiv:2505.09388v1)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: 4 Post-training (Long-CoT Cold Start, Reasoning RL, Thinking Mode Fusion, General RL); 4.5 Strong-to-Weak Distillation; 4.7 Discussion; 4.3 Thinking Budget; 4.5 Strong-to-Weak Distillation

Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models (Kaplan et al., arXiv:2001.08361)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Abstract; 1.2 Summary of Scaling Laws (equations 1.1 to 1.3); notation (C ≈ 6NBS, PF-days); 2.1 Parameter and Compute Scaling (Table 1, C ≈ 6N per token)

Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflectionretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Abstract; reflection tokens; retrieval on demand

SGLang: Efficient Execution of Structured Language Model Programsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Abstract; RadixAttention; Abstract; RadixAttention; compressed finite state machines

ShortGPT: Layers in Large Language Models are More Redundant Than You Expect (Men et al., arXiv:2403.03853)retrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Abstract; Block Influence (definition); Layer Removal; Limitations (generative against multiple-choice tasks); Abstract

The FineWeb Datasets: Decanting the Web for the Finest Text Data at Scale (arXiv:2406.17557)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Abstract; 3.2 to 3.7 (extraction, language filter, MassiveText filters, MinHash parameters, per-snapshot deduplication, C4 and custom filters, PII); 4 FineWeb-Edu

The Llama 3 Herd of Models (arXiv 2407.21783)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: 3.2 Model Architecture, tokenizer and vocabulary; 1 Introduction (3.8 × 10^25 FLOPs); 3.1.1 Web Data Curation (URL, document and line-level deduplication); 3.1.2 Data Mix; 3.2 (405B on 15.6T tokens); 3.2.1 Scaling Laws (402B on 16.55T); 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 (16K H100 GPUs, BF16 MFU 38 to 43 per cent); 3.3.4 Reliability (466 interruptions in 54 days); 3.4.1 Initial Pre-Training; 3.4.3 Annealing

Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models (Hoffmann et al., arXiv:2203.15556)retrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Abstract; 1 Introduction (Chinchilla, 1.4 trillion tokens, inference cost); Table 1 (Gopher 280B on 300B tokens); 3.3 Approach 3 and equation 10 (E, A, B, alpha, beta); Table 2 (exponents a and b); Table 3 (optimal FLOPs and tokens by model size); Abstract

Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback (Ouyang et al., arXiv:2203.02155v1)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Abstract; 3.2 Dataset; 3.5 Models (SFT, 6B reward models, reward model loss, PPO-ptx objective); 4.2 Results on public NLP datasets (alignment tax)

brew.sh

Homebrew — home pageretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: install command; "The script explains what it will do and then pauses before it does it."

build.nvidia.com

caddyserver.com

Caddy — Automatic HTTPSretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Local certificate issuance; which names qualify for public certificates; Local HTTPS; CA root; Local HTTPS; the internal certificate authority; caddy trust; The internal certificate authority; caddy trust

Caddy documentation — Caddyfile Conceptsretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Environment variables; site addresses

Caddy documentation — Command Lineretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: caddy run; caddy trust; caddy untrust (--cert); caddy version

Caddy documentation — reverse_proxy directiveretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Streaming; flush_interval (ignored for text/event-stream and unknown Content-Length)

Caddy documentation — tls directiveretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: internal (lifetimes; installing the root from a container)

catalog.ngc.nvidia.com

NVIDIA NGC — vLLM containerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Tags; running the container

NVIDIA NGC catalog — PyTorch containerretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Tag 26.08-py3; docker run example; Multi-Arch Support; JupyterLab included; compressed size; Pull tag; docker run example; Pull tag; docker run example; Multi-Arch Support

code.claude.com

Claude Agent SDK — Overviewretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Comparison with other Claude tools; capabilities

Claude Code — CLI referenceretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: print; output-format; model; permission-mode; print; permission-mode

Claude Code — Connect Claude Code to tools via MCPretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: claude mcp add; scopes; .mcp.json; trust warning; .mcp.json; transports; scopes; .mcp.json; scopes

Claude Code — environment variablesretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL; ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN; model variables; traffic controls

Claude Code — settingsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Settings scopes; permissions; env

code.visualstudio.com

Visual Studio Code — language modelsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Tool calling requirement; custom endpoints

Visual Studio Code documentation — Remote development over SSHretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: System requirements; Connect to a remote host

creativecommons.org

curl.se

cursor.com

deeplearningbook.org

developer.amd.com

developer.apple.com

developer.download.nvidia.com

NVIDIA CUDA repository package index — ubuntu2404/x86_64retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Packages.gz; cuda-toolkit-13 -> cuda-toolkit-13-4 13.4.1-1 and its dependencies

developer.meta.com

Llama 3.1 Community License Agreementretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Section 1, Licence rights and redistribution; Section 2, Additional commercial terms; 1.b Redistribution and Use

developer.nvidia.com

Introducing NVFP4 for Efficient and Accurate Low-Precision Inferenceretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: E2M1 values; NVFP4 and MXFP4 block sizes and scale formats; NVFP4 format; comparison with MXFP4

NVIDIA Developer — CUDA GPUs, compute capability by productretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: GeForce RTX 50 series (12.0); NVIDIA GB10, DGX Spark (12.1)

NVIDIA Technical Blog — NVIDIA Hopper Architecture In-Depthretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: PCIe Gen 5 x16 total and per-direction bandwidth, against Gen 4

developers.googleblog.com

developers.llamaindex.ai

LlamaIndex — Framework overviewretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Agents; workflows

LlamaIndex — OpenAILike API referenceretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Class description; parameters; example

LlamaIndex — vLLM exampleretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Note on OpenAI-compatible servers

digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu

Commission Guidelines on the scope of the obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models, C(2025) 7719 final (19 November 2025)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: 2.1 (paragraphs 17-18); 3.1.2 (paragraph 51); 3.2 (paragraphs 60-65); 4.1 and 4.2 (paragraphs 70-89); 5.3 (paragraphs 106-112); Annex A.1 (paragraph 115), A.2.2 (paragraph 129), A.3 (paragraphs 132, 136)

General-purpose AI models in the AI Act - questions and answers (European Commission)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Definitions; obligations; open-source exemption; fine-tuning; enforcement powers (last update 9 September 2025)

distilabel.argilla.io

Distilabel documentationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; components gallery

Distilabel documentation — OpenAILLM componentretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Attributes; example against a local server

docs.ag2.ai

AG2 — OpenAI modelsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Configuration list; package naming

docs.anythingllm.com

AnythingLLM documentationretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Desktop, self-hosted and cloud; LLM providers; embedder setup

docs.astral.sh

uv documentation — Installationretrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: Standalone installer; Homebrew; Updating uv; Standalone installer with a version in the URL; Homebrew; uv self update

uv documentation — Installing and managing Pythonretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: uv python install; automatic downloads

uv documentation — Python environments (uv venv)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Creating a virtual environment; Using a virtual environment; discovery order

uv documentation — Using uv with PyTorchretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Automatic backend selection (--torch-backend)

docs.axolotl.ai

Axolotl documentationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; requirements; quickstart

docs.brew.sh

Homebrew documentation — Installationretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: default prefix /opt/homebrew; post-installation shellenv; supported macOS

docs.cline.bot

docs.continue.dev

Continue — OpenAI providerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: apiBase for OpenAI-compatible servers

docs.crewai.com

CrewAI — LLMsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Configuring an LLM in code; local models with Ollama

docs.docker.com

Docker — bind mountsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Considerations and constraints; Syntax; considerations and constraints

Docker — docker image pullretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Pull an image by digest

Docker documentation — Compose file services referenceretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: ports; read_only; tmpfs; user; cap_drop; security_opt; pids_limit; mem_limit; cpus

Docker documentation — docker container runretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: --gpus, --publish, --ipc, --volume, --workdir, --interactive, --tty, --rm; env; env-file; read-only; user

Docker documentation — GPU support in Docker Desktop for Windows; WSL 2 integrationretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: WSL 2 backend only; validation command and its sample nbody output; Settings > Resources > WSL Integration

Docker documentation — Install Docker Engine on Ubuntu; Linux post-installation stepsretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: apt repository; uninstall conflicting packages; docker-ce and plugins; docker group; log out and log back in

Docker documentation — Port publishing and mappingretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Publishing ports; direct routing; default bind address

docs.github.com

docs.kernel.org

Linux kernel documentation — amdgpu miscellaneousretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: mem_info_vram_total, mem_info_vram_used, mem_info_gtt_total, mem_info_gtt_used

docs.langchain.com

LangChain — ChatOpenAI integrationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Instantiation; base_url; bind_tools; with_structured_output

LangGraph — Overviewretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: What LangGraph is; durable execution; installation example

LangGraph — Persistenceretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Checkpointers; threads; checkpointer libraries; Checkpointers; threads; short-term and long-term memory

LangGraph — Streamingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Stream modes

docs.litellm.ai

LiteLLM — Anthropic /v1/messagesretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Usage; Usage; supported providers

LiteLLM — Claude Code quickstartretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Unified endpoint; environment variables; troubleshooting

LiteLLM — Deploymentretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Container image; required environment variables; default port; Container image; pinning a version tag

LiteLLM — Loggingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Callbacks; message redaction; turn_off_message_logging; callbacks; per-request redaction; turn_off_message_logging; per-request redaction

LiteLLM — Prometheus metricsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: callbacks; metric names and labels; Enabling the callback; metric names and labels

LiteLLM — Proxy config.yamlretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: model_list; os.environ references; OpenAI-compatible endpoints; model_list; os.environ references; routing_strategy; model_group_alias; os.environ references; model_list; OpenAI-compatible endpoints

LiteLLM — Proxy overviewretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Starting the proxy; config.yaml

LiteLLM — Reliability and fallbacksretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: fallbacks; num_retries; cooldown; context_window_fallbacks; fallbacks; context_window_fallbacks; num_retries; allowed_fails; cooldown_time; fallbacks

LiteLLM — Virtual Keysretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Budgets; rate limits; key expiry; Budgets; rate limits; key expiry and rotation; Requirements; key generation; Requirements; key generation; duration; key info; Key generation; per-key usage

docs.lmcache.ai

LMCache — Disaggregated prefillretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Two-node setup; single-node note; Single node testing note; environment; Two-node setup; single-node note; environment variables

LMCache — documentationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; tiered storage; reuse across serving engines; Tiered storage; reuse across serving engines; Overview; secondary KV storage; distributed KV cache

LMCache — Kubernetes deploymentretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: vLLM Production Stack

LMCache — quickstartretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: vLLM in-process mode; configuration keys

docs.nvidia.com

CUDA C++ Best Practices Guide — Data Transfer Between Host and Deviceretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: PCIe x16 Gen3 bandwidth; device memory bandwidth comparison

CUDA C++ Programming Guide — Compute Capabilities, technical specifications per compute capabilityretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Table 31, Memory Information per Compute Capability (registers per SM; maximum shared memory per SM); Table 32, Shared Memory Capacity per Compute Capability

CUDA C++ Programming Guide — Writing SIMT Kernels (memory spaces)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: registers, shared memory, L1 and L2 cache, global memory

NCCL documentation — Environment Variablesretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME; NCCL_IB_HCA; NCCL_IB_GID_INDEX; NCCL_IB_DISABLE; NCCL_DEBUG; NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME; NCCL_IB_HCA; NCCL_DEBUG; NCCL_IB_DISABLE

NVIDIA Container Toolkit — Installing the NVIDIA Container Toolkitretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: apt repository; version 1.20.0-1; nvidia-ctk runtime configure; sample workload

NVIDIA CUDA Installation Guide for Linux (CUDA 13.4)retrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: Network repository installation (cuda-keyring); meta packages; toolkit and driver independent from 13.4; post-installation PATH; /usr/local/cuda symbolic link; Pre-installation actions; Network repository installation; Post-installation actions

NVIDIA CUDA on WSL User Guideretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: Install the Windows driver only; wsl.exe --update; /usr/lib/wsl/lib/nvidia-smi; Getting started; CUDA support for WSL 2; known limitations (/usr/lib/wsl/lib); WSL kernel 5.10.16.3; Getting started with CUDA on WSL 2; CUDA support for WSL 2; Known limitations; Features not yet supported (NVML queries)

NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit release notesretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: CUDA 13.x applications run on drivers >=580; CUDA 12.8 GA needs 570.26 (Linux) / 570.65 (Windows); CUDA 12.6 GA needs 560.28.03 (Linux) / 560.76 (Windows)

NVIDIA Deep Learning Performance — Train With Mixed Precisionretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Half Precision Format; Loss Scaling To Preserve Small Gradient Magnitudes; Satisfying Tensor Core Shape Constraints; Loss scaling; single-precision master weights

NVIDIA DGX Spark documentation — Container Runtime for Dockerretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: NVIDIA Container Toolkit preinstalled; docker run --gpus; the docker group; Installation; optional docker group; validation; runtime not found

NVIDIA DGX Spark documentation — Release notesretrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: DGX OS 7.5.0; CUDA Toolkit 13.0.2; GPU driver 580.159.03; Current software versions (DGX OS 7.5.0, driver 580.159.03, CUDA 13.0.2, kernel 6.17)

NVIDIA DGX Spark User Guide — DGX Dashboardretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: localhost:11000; SSH tunnel

NVIDIA DGX Spark User Guide — Hardware Overviewretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: LPDDR5X 8533; 16 channels (256 bit); 273 GB/s; up to 1,000 TOPS; up to 1 PFLOP at FP4 precision with sparsity

NVIDIA DGX Spark User Guide — Known Issuesretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: Memory-Usage Not Supported; cudaMemGetInfo; power adapter; nvidia-smi Memory-Usage Not Supported; memory reporting on unified memory and SWAP; nvidia-smi Memory-Usage; cudaMemGetInfo; nvidia-smi reports Memory-Usage Not Supported; reporting memory with unified memory

NVIDIA DGX Spark User Guide — OS and Component Update Guideretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: Update methods; manual system updates; Founders Edition note

NVIDIA Dynamo — Compatibilityretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Platform support

NVIDIA Dynamo — Overall Architectureretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Design goals; system model; request, control and storage planes; Design goals; request plane; Design goals; request plane; storage and events plane

NVIDIA NeMo — Automatic Speech Recognitionretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Transcribing with a pretrained model

NVIDIA PyTorch container release notes — Release 26.08retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Contents of the PyTorch container (Ubuntu 24.04, Python 3.12, PyTorch 2.14.0a0, CUDA 13.4.1, JupyterLab 4.6.3)

NVIDIA System Management Interface (nvidia-smi) documentationretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: --format csv, noheader, nounits; -d/--display PERFORMANCE; Clocks Event Reasons; Selective query options; GPU Link information; clocks throttle reasons; GPU Link information; power-limit; clocks throttle reasons; topo; --query-gpu; --format=csv with nounits and noheader; --loop; --query-gpu; --format; --loop

docs.ollama.com

Ollama — Tool callingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Tools in the request; tool results; streaming; the agent loop; The think parameter; message.thinking; streaming

docs.openhands.dev

OpenHands — local LLMsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Model prefix; context length; tool-use reliability; Context length; tool-use reliability

docs.openwebui.com

Open WebUI — Knowledgeretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Collections; referencing a collection in chat; citations

Open WebUI Docs — Backups (community tutorial)retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Files in persistent data store

Open WebUI Docs — Environment Variable Configurationretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: ConfigVar environment variables; ENABLE_SIGNUP; WEBUI_ADMIN_EMAIL; DEFAULT_USER_ROLE; OLLAMA_BASE_URL; ENABLE_OPENAI_API; WEBUI_SECRET_KEY; CORS_ALLOW_ORIGIN; ENABLE_VERSION_UPDATE_CHECK

Open WebUI Docs — Groupsretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Preview Access

Open WebUI Docs — Hardening Open WebUIretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-13

Sections: Secrets; registration; network architecture; TLS; CORS; Secrets; registration; cookie settings; network architecture; TLS; CORS

Open WebUI Docs — Licenseretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Branding restriction; thresholds; effective version

Open WebUI Docs — Models (Workspace)retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Core configuration; Visibility

Open WebUI Docs — Quick Startretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Docker; Python (pip/uv); first account; connections; Docker; Docker Compose; Python (pip/uv); the first account

Open WebUI Docs — Rolesretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Role details; headless admin account creation

Open WebUI Docs — Task Modelsretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Turning individual tasks off

docs.podman.io

docs.python.org

Python documentation — resource, resource usage informationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Availability; RLIMIT_CPU; RLIMIT_AS; RLIMIT_FSIZE; RLIMIT_NPROC; setrlimit; setrlimit; RLIMIT_CPU, RLIMIT_AS, RLIMIT_FSIZE, RLIMIT_NPROC

Python documentation — subprocess, subprocess managementretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: subprocess.run timeout; Security considerations; subprocess.run; timeout and TimeoutExpired; shell injection

docs.pytorch.org

PyTorch 2.14 — torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attentionretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Signature; is_causal; scale; enable_gqa

PyTorch 2.14 documentation — Tensor Attributes, torch.dtyperetrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: dtype table (sign-exponent-mantissa layouts); float8 limitations; float16 S-E-M 1-5-10; bfloat16 S-E-M 1-8-7; float8_e4m3fn S-E-M 1-4-3

PyTorch 2.14 documentation — torch.matmulretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: 2-D and 1-D inputs return the matrix-vector product

PyTorch 2.14 documentation — torch.nn.CrossEntropyLossretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Input expectations; loss with class indices; reduction

PyTorch 2.14 documentation — torch.nn.Dropoutretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Training and evaluation behaviour; scaling factor

PyTorch 2.14 documentation — torch.nn.functional.scaled_mmretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: signature; the scaling-recipe enums are not documented on the page

PyTorch 2.14 documentation — torch.optim.AdamWretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Algorithm box (decoupled weight decay); constructor defaults; Algorithm box; constructor defaults; Algorithm; parameters

PyTorch 2.14 documentation — torch.optim.SGDretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Algorithm box (weight decay); constructor defaults; Algorithm box; constructor defaults

PyTorch documentation — Autograd mechanicsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: How autograd encodes the history; Setting requires_grad; Locally disabling gradient computation

PyTorch documentation — torch.mpsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: synchronize; empty_cache; recommended_max_memory

PyTorch documentation 2.14 — MPS backendretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: is_available and is_built; the macOS 14.0 requirement

PyTorch documentation 2.14 — Reproducibilityretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: results may differ across platforms and between CPU and GPU with identical seeds; Controlling sources of randomness; CUDA convolution benchmarking; DataLoader

PyTorch documentation 2.14 — torch.loadretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: weights_only default; map_location; the warning about untrusted files

PyTorch documentation 2.14 — torch.nn.initretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: kaiming_uniform_, xavier_uniform_, constant_

PyTorch documentation 2.14 — torch.nn.Linearretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Variables (weight and bias initialisation)

PyTorch documentation 2.14 — torch.nn.Moduleretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: state_dict; load_state_dict (strict); eval and train

PyTorch documentation 2.14 — torch.saveretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: zipfile-based format since 1.6; the .pt convention

PyTorch tutorial — Optimizing Model Parametersretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Hyperparameters; Optimization Loop; Loss Function; Optimizer

PyTorch tutorials — Saving and Loading Modelsretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: What is a state_dict; save/load state_dict; model.eval()

torchvision documentation — datasets.MNISTretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: root layout MNIST/raw; download parameter

docs.ray.io

docs.searxng.org

SearXNG — Documentationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: What SearXNG is; privacy; self-hosting

SearXNG — Search APIretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Endpoints; parameters; output formats

docs.sglang.io

SGLang — AMD GPU platformretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Supported hardware; installation

SGLang — Installationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Install with pip or uv; Docker; platform pages

SGLang — PD Disaggregationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Router; Motivation; Mooncake; NIXL; router; environment variables; Motivation

SGLang — Production metricsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: num_running_reqs; num_queue_reqs; token_usage; Enabling metrics; Enabling metrics; metric names

SGLang — Server argumentsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Model, HTTP server, memory and scheduling, API options; KV cache dtype; radix cache; metrics

SGLang — Speculative decodingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: EAGLE and EAGLE3; tuning the three parameters; EAGLE and EAGLE3 launch commands; memory notes; Supported algorithms; EAGLE3 launch command

SGLang — Structured outputsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Grammar backends; constraint parameters; Grammar backends

docs.vllm.ai

vLLM — Automatic Prefix Caching (design)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Block hashing; eviction

vLLM — Automatic Prefix Caching (usage)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Long document query; multi-round conversation; limits; Multi-round conversation; limits

vLLM — CPU installationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Apple silicon requirements and limitations

vLLM — Disaggregated Prefilling (experimental)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: OffloadingConnector; ExampleConnector; Usage example; connectors; status; Connectors; status; Connectors; Connectors; development abstractions; Why; usage example; connectors; development; Why disaggregated prefilling; benefits

vLLM — Expert Parallel Deploymentretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Single node deployment; backend selection guide; Configuration; layer behavior; backend selection

vLLM — FP8 quantizationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Hardware requirements; E4M3 and E5M2; online dynamic quantization; Hardware requirements; recipe; online dynamic quantisation

vLLM — GPU installationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: CUDA requirements; ROCm requirements and supported GPUs

vLLM — LoRA adaptersretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: enable-lora; lora-modules; max-lora-rank; runtime updating

vLLM — Multimodal Inputsretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Offline inference; online serving; --limit-mm-per-prompt

vLLM — NVIDIA Model Optimizerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: NVFP4; supported checkpoint formats

vLLM — Parallelism and Scalingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Multi-node with Ray; tensor and pipeline parallel sizing; Choosing a strategy; Choosing a strategy; multi-node; Choosing a parallelism strategy; Multi-node deployment; Multi-node deployment; Ray cluster setup with containers; Optimizing network communication; Distributed inference strategies; edge case, uneven GPU splits; Distributed inference strategies; Multi-node deployment; Ray cluster setup with containers; Optimizing network communication

vLLM — Quantizationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Supported hardware matrix

vLLM — Quickstartretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Installation; OpenAI-compatible server

vLLM — Reasoning outputsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Reasoning parsers; the reasoning field; tool calling with reasoning; Reasoning parsers; the reasoning field; disabling thinking; tool calling

vLLM — Speculative decodingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Methods; configuration; method selection; Configuration examples; method selection; limitations; Configuration keys; method selection; limitations; Common configuration keys; method selection

vLLM — Structured outputsretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Request fields; backends; Parameters; backends; OpenAI-compatible response_format

vLLM — Tool callingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Automatic function calling; parsers per model family; tool_choice; Request and response shape; tool_choice; parallel calls; parsers per family; Request and response shape; tool_choice; parallel calls; Automatic function calling; tool_choice

vLLM — Using Dockerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Official image; shared memory

vLLM documentation — Generative modelsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: LLM.generate; LLM.chat

docs.wandb.ai

documentation.ubuntu.com

Ubuntu Server documentation — Install a root CA certificate in the trust storeretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Install a PEM-format certificate; Uninstall a PEM-format certificate (update-ca-certificates --fresh)

Ubuntu Server documentation — Install NVIDIA driversretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: ubuntu-drivers list; ubuntu-drivers install

download.pytorch.org

PyTorch wheel index — cu130, rocm7.2 and cpu indexesretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: torch 2.14.0 wheels listed per index, including linux_aarch64 under cu130; cu126 carries 2.14.0+cu126 and torchvision 0.29.0+cu126; the cu128 index stops at torch 2.11.0; cu128; cu130; rocm6.4; rocm7.0; cpu

genai.owasp.org

OWASP LLM01:2025 Prompt Injectionretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Definition; direct and indirect; prevention and mitigation; Indirect prompt injection; segregating external content; Direct and indirect injection; prevention; Prevention and mitigation; Definition; direct and indirect injection; prevention and mitigation

github.com

AutoAWQ repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; deprecation notice; README; deprecation notice; quant_config

Caddy v2.11.4 source — logging.go and modules/caddypki/ca.goretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: console encoder in an interactive terminal, JSON otherwise; root installation log messages (ca.go, pki.go)

Crush repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; Local Models; licence

EleutherAI — lm-evaluation-harnessretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; reproducibility and task implementation guidelines; README; reproducibility of publicly available prompts; Install; model backends; example commands

ExLlamaV3 — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Installation; quantization; what's missing

exo - API technical referenceretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Instance Management; Inference; Complete Endpoint Summary; Instance Management; Benchmarked Chat Completions

exo — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: RDMA over Thunderbolt 5; Features; Quick Start; Enabling RDMA on macOS; Environment Variables; Benchmarking; Hardware Accelerator Support; Quick Start; Enabling RDMA on macOS; Environment Variables; Benchmarking; Features; Enabling RDMA on macOS; Features; Benchmarks

exo source - src/exo/main.pyretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: argument parser

FasterDecoding/Medusa repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Training command; data preparation; Training; data preparation; self-distillation

Gemini CLI repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; authentication

GGUF file format specificationretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Design goals; File structure; Standardized key-value pairs; naming convention; Design goals; File structure; Metadata; Naming convention; Design goals; File structure

Gin v1.10.0 source — logger.goretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: defaultLogFormatter

GPTQModel repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; supported methods; quantisation API

Hermes-Function-Callingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Prompt format

Hugging Face Transformers v5.16.1 — attention_interface.md (documentation source at the pinned tag)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Attention backends; Create a new attention function; Pass a custom 4D attention mask; Bidirectional attention

Hugging Face Transformers v5.16.1 — modeling_rope_utils.pyretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: inv_freq computation; _compute_yarn_parameters

Hugging Face Transformers v5.16.1 — Tool use (docs/source/en/chat_extras.md)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: passing tools to apply_chat_template; the JSON schema format of a tool definition

huggingface_hub v1.30.0 source — constants.py, utils/_auth.py, file_download.pyretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: HF_TOKEN_PATH and HF_STORED_TOKENS_PATH under HF_HOME; token written with mode 600; relative cache symlinks survive a move

Kilo Code repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; licence; Kilo CLI lineage; README; licence; Kilo CLI

ktransformers — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Installation; supported models; CPU kernels

Lemonade — repository READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Supported backends; hardware acceleration; licence

Linux kernel v6.17 — drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_ttm.cretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: gtt_size from ttm_tt_pages_limit; "M of GTT memory ready" (same in v6.14)

Linux kernel v6.17 — drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_device.cretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: ttm_global_init, num_pages /= 2

Llama 3.1 Community License Agreement, text in meta-llama/llama-modelsretrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: Acceptance paragraph; 1.a, 1.b.i to 1.b.iv; 2; 5.b, 5.c; 6; 7; 2, Additional Commercial Terms

Llama 3.1 model card (meta-llama/llama-models, MODEL_CARD.md)retrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: Training data (~15 trillion tokens); Training Time (GPU hours) table; hardware (H100-80GB, TDP of 700W); licence

LLaMA-Factory — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Features; hardware; CLI; licence

llama-swap — example configurationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Macros; models; groups; ttl; unloadTimeout; groups; healthCheckTimeout; checkEndpoint; ttl; unloadTimeout; groups

llama-swap — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Configuration; command-line flags; endpoints; container images; Container images and tags; endpoints; /running; /api/models/unload; /logs; /metrics; /running; Endpoints; /metrics; /logs; Endpoints; configuration keys; groups

llama.cpp - llama-server README at build b10867retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: --batch-size, --ubatch-size, --parallel

llama.cpp — Build guideretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Vulkan; HIP; CUDA; Vulkan; HIP; Metal; Notes about GPU-accelerated backends; CPU build; CUDA; Metal; Vulkan; HIP; Notes about GPU-accelerated backends; Notes about GPU-accelerated backends; CPU build; CUDA; Metal; Vulkan; HIP; HIP; Vulkan; CUDA; Metal; Vulkan; HIP

llama.cpp — common/arg.cppretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: --rpc and --tensor-split definitions

llama.cpp — convert_hf_to_gguf.pyretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: parse_args

llama.cpp — Function callingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Native formats; generic fallback; template overrides; Native formats; generic fallback; parallel_tool_calls; Native tool-call model families; generic fallback

llama.cpp — GBNF grammar guideretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Background; syntax; JSON schema conversion; limitations

llama.cpp — llama-perplexity READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: KL divergence mode; What perplexity measures; KL divergence mode; output fields

llama.cpp — llama-server READMEretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Command-line options; Usage; command-line options; API endpoints; Web UI; Command-line options; sampling parameters; Parallel slots; continuous batching; metrics endpoint; Command-line options; chat templates; grammars; Speculative decoding options; Sampling options; response_format; --alias; /infill endpoint; prompt caching; --api-key and --host; --host; --api-key and --api-key-file; --slots; --props; --embedding and /v1/embeddings; --reranking and /v1/rerank; response_format; Chat template options; prompt caching; /completion parameters; --embedding and /v1/embeddings; --reranking and /v1/rerank; response_format; json_schema and grammar parameters on /completion; --jinja; --chat-template; --chat-template-file; LoRA options; LoRA options; --jinja; --alias; LoRA options; chat template options; OpenAI-compatible endpoints; /completion n_probs; OpenAI-compatible endpoints; OpenAI-compatible endpoints; /completion n_probs; Command-line options; parallel decoding; Command-line options; --alias; Completion endpoint; logprobs; Speculative decoding options; metrics; slots; Prompt caching; KV cache types; slots endpoints; metrics; Speculative decoding options; metrics endpoint; Command-line options; the timings object; Command-line options; GET /metrics; the timings object; GET /metrics; GET /slots; the timings object; split-mode; tensor-split; main-gpu; n-gpu-layers; Prompt caching; KV cache types; slots save and restore; Prompt caching; slots; parallel; --ctx-size; --parallel; --cache-type-k; --cache-type-v; --metrics; /metrics; --metrics; GET /metrics; --metrics; GET /metrics; GET /health; GET /slots; --api-key; --props; --slots; /health; --api-key-file; --props; --slots; --ctx-size; --cache-type-k and --cache-type-v; --cache-prompt; --jinja; --reasoning-format; --reasoning-budget; --reasoning-format; --reasoning-budget; Anthropic-compatible API endpoints; --jinja; --cache-reuse

llama.cpp — Multimodal supportretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: libmtmd; --mmproj and -hf; supported model families

llama.cpp — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Quick start; Quick start; Supported backends; Description

llama.cpp b10868 — llama-server READMEretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: --ctx-size; --parallel; --kv-unified; --alias; GET /health; GET /v1/models

llama.cpp b10868 — tools/server/server-context.cpp and server-http.cppretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: launch_slot_with_task "processing task" log line; per-request logger disabled in server-http.cpp

llama.cpp releases — b10936 assetsretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: ubuntu-arm64, ubuntu-vulkan-arm64 and ubuntu-x64 archives; no Linux CUDA archive; Assets of the current build tag

llama.cpp v0.4.0 - llama-quantize READMEretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Options; Advanced options; bits per weight table; examples (the naive Q4_K_M quantisation with default settings)

llama.cpp v0.4.0 - src/llama-vocab.cppretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: FIM token detection by text; end-of-generation token detection by text; print_info

llama.cpp v0.4.0 - tools/server/server-common.cppretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: oaicompat_chat_params_parse, image input check

llama.cpp v0.4.0 - tools/server/server-context.cppretrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: /infill token check; exceed_context_size_error; slot context capping; context size reduced by --fit; YaRN n_ctx_train adjustment

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — Build guide at the release tagretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: CUDA Unified Memory and System Memory Fallback; HIP Unified Memory; Metal; Notes about GPU-accelerated backends; CUDA unified memory and System Memory Fallback; HIP unified memory; Metal and --n-gpu-layers 0; Notes about GPU-accelerated backends (-ngl 0 and --device none)

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — common/arg.cpp (--ctx-size, --rope-scaling, --rope-scale, --yarn-orig-ctx)retrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: --ctx-size; --rope-scaling; --rope-scale; --yarn-orig-ctx

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — common/log.h (log levels)retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: LOG_TRC at LOG_LEVEL_TRACE (4); default threshold LOG_LEVEL_INFO (3)

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — fitting parameters to device memoryretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: common_params_fit_impl log lines; common_fit_params; common_memory_breakdown_print; tools/fit-params/README.md; common_memory_breakdown_print; src/llama-kv-cache.cpp KV size line; ggml/src/ggml-common.h block sizes

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — ggml-cuda.cu (free memory on unified-memory systems) and ggml-metal-device.m (recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize)retrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_memory; ggml_backend_cuda_get_available_uma_memory; ggml_metal_device_get_memory; ggml_cuda_device_malloc and GGML_CUDA_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMORY; cudaMalloc failed; UMA free memory excluded for HIP; ggml-vulkan.cpp ggml_backend_vk_get_device_memory; ggml-metal-device.m working-set warning; ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_memory (MemAvailable for integrated devices on Linux); ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.m ggml_metal_device_get_memory; ggml/src/ggml-blas/ggml-blas.cpp device memory; common/arg.cpp common_print_available_devices; src/llama-context.cpp n_ctx padding

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — ggml/src/ggml-common.h (block structs and their static_assert sizes)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: block_q8_0, block_q4_K, block_q5_K, block_q6_K, block_q4_0, block_iq4_xs, block_mxfp4, block_q3_K, block_q2_K

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — llama-bench README and sourceretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: defaults (n_gpu_layers -1, fit target off); llama_null_log_callback without --verbose; get_backend; markdown columns; test_prompt, test_gen and the timed loop; get_ts; get_backend; markdown column selection

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — llama-bench README at the release tagretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Syntax (options and defaults); JSON output example; prefilled context

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — llama-server READMEretrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: --ctx-size, --cache-type-k, --cache-type-v, --flash-attn, --swa-full, --fit, --fit-target, --fit-ctx, --gpu-layers (default auto), --parallel, --kv-unified, --cache-ram, --ubatch-size, --log-verbosity (default 3); --swa-full, --cpu-moe, --n-cpu-moe, --ctx-checkpoints; --hf-repo; --reasoning-budget; --reasoning-budget-message; --embedding; --pooling; POST /reranking; --n-gpu-layers auto; --fit, --fit-target, --fit-ctx; --ctx-size; --no-kv-offload; --cache-ram; --parallel; tools/cli/README.md --single-turn; --ctx-size, --fit, --parallel, --verbose, --host, --port; GET /health; POST /v1/chat/completions (reasoning_effort); GET /props; --ctx-size, --parallel, --fit, --context-shift, --rope-scaling, --rope-scale, --yarn-orig-ctx; OpenAI-compatible Chat Completions API; Tool call support; Timings and context usage; --cache-prompt; --reasoning-format; --parallel; --kv-unified; --cache-prompt; --cache-ram; --slot-prompt-similarity; GET /slots; GET /metrics (available metrics); timings and cache_n

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — log verbosity and argument handlingretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: common_log_get_verbosity (library INFO logged at trace level 4, default threshold 3); common/arg.cpp no usable GPU warning, --ctx-size 0 and fit_params_min_ctx

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — src/llama-context.cpp (n_ctx_train warning)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: llama_context constructor; n_ctx_seq > n_ctx_train; n_ctx padding to 256; n_ctx_seq for unified and split caches; quantized V cache requires Flash Attention

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — src/llama-kv-cache.cpp and src/llama-kv-cache-iswa.cppretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: SWA cache size; llama_kv_cache size log line; failed to allocate buffer for kv cache

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — src/llama-model.cpp (layers placed on the GPU)retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: n_gpu_layers below 0 means every layer plus the output layer; "offloaded %d/%d layers to GPU"; load_tensors (i_gpu_start, input layer on the CPU, offloaded N/M layers, model buffer size); src/llama.cpp llama_supports_gpu_offload; src/models/qwen3.cpp tied output

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — tools/fit-params/README.md and common/fit.cpp (memory breakdown table; layer overflow)retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: context reduction no lower than the minimum context; layer overflow to system memory, MoE tensors first; "n_gpu_layers already set by user"; breakdown rows printed with LOG_TRC

llama.cpp v0.4.0 — tools/server/server.cpp (automatic slot count; memory breakdown on shutdown)retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: common_memory_breakdown_print called after the main loop ends

llama.vim — local LLM-assisted text completionretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: README; recommended models by memory; context reuse

LLM-Pruner repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; supported models; update history

llm.c — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; quick start (CPU)

MCP Python SDK — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Installation; the server in 15 lines; the client in 10 lines

meta-llama/llama-models — models/llama3/tokenizer.pyretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: pat_str; num_reserved_special_tokens; special token names

Mistral Vibe repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; custom domains; licence

mistral.rs — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Installation; server; quantisation; tool calling

MLX LM — generate.py at v0.31.3retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: setup_arg_parser; chat template application

MLX LM — models/qwen3.py and models/base.py at v0.31.3retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Attention.__call__; scaled_dot_product_attention

MLX source - python/mlx/_distributed_utils/config.pyretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: IPConfigurator.setup; extract_connectivity; argument parser

mlx-examples — transformer_lmretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Transformer language model training

mlx-lm — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Conversion and quantisation; LoRA fine-tuning; conversion and quantisation; Quick Start; Python API; Command Line; Installation; generate; convert; Python API; MLX Community; Feature list; command line tools; Prompt caching

mlx-lm — server documentationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Starting the server; endpoints; request fields

mlx-lm v0.31.3 — server.py (options, model resolution, prompt cache, reasoning and usage fields)retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: --decode-concurrency; --prompt-concurrency; --prompt-cache-size; batchable requests; usage and cached_tokens

mlx-vlmretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: README; installation; CLI and server

Moby (Docker Engine) source — daemon/runtime_unix.go and daemon/errors.goretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: error strings "unknown or invalid runtime name: %s" and "could not select device driver %q with capabilities: %v"

Mooncake — repository READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Integrations; Transfer Engine; Mooncake Store; supported transports; integrations

nanochat — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; Getting started; Research; Running on CPU / MPS; Precision / dtype; File structure; Acknowledgements; Time-to-GPT-2 Leaderboard; Getting started; Research; Running on CPU / MPS; Precision / dtype; Time-to-GPT-2 Leaderboard; Research; Overview; Time-to-GPT-2 Leaderboard; Getting started; Running on CPU / MPS

nanoGPT — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Quick start; Reproducing GPT-2

NVIDIA DGX Spark playbooks — Connect Two Sparksretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Network interface configuration; troubleshooting; Prerequisites; physical hardware connection; Overview; physical hardware connection; network interface configuration

NVlabs/Minitron repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; released models

Ollama - API documentationretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Generate a chat completion (parameters, think, response fields, tokens-per-second formula); List Local Models; List Running Models; Version; Chat request with tools; format parameter

Ollama documentation - FAQretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Exposing Ollama on the network (default bind address); How do I know if my model was loaded onto the GPU; context window size; where models are stored; keep-alive

Ollama documentation - GPUretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: AMD ROCm supported GPUs (gfx1151); Vulkan; Metal

Ollama documentation - Linuxretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Install; manual install (amd64, arm64, ROCm); systemd service; logs; uninstall

Ollama documentation - macOSretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Install; CLI link; file locations and logs

Ollama documentation - Thinkingretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Supported models; the think field; message.thinking; CLI quick reference

Ollama documentation - Windowsretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Install; environment variables; file locations and logs

Ollama documentation v0.33.3 — Context lengthretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: defaults by memory; App slider; ollama ps

Ollama documentation v0.33.3 — GPUretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: AMD, SELinux (container_use_devices)

Ollama documentation v0.33.3 — Troubleshootingretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: server logs on Mac (~/.ollama/logs/server.log)

Ollama source - scripts/install.sh at v0.33.3retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: BINDIR selection and the ollama symlink

Ollama v0.33.3 source — server/routes.go and go.modretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: gin.Default() request logger; gin v1.10.0

Open WebUI v0.11.3 source — configurationretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: run_migrations (Alembic at start-up)

Open WebUI v0.11.3 source — database connectionretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: DATABASE_ENABLE_SQLITE_WAL, journal_mode

Open WebUI v0.11.3 source — pyproject.tomlretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: dependencies (onnxruntime==1.26.0); requires-python

OpenAI — Harmony response formatretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Channels; tool namespaces; Channels; instruction hierarchy

openai/gpt-2 — src/encoder.pyretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: bytes_to_unicode; the pre-tokenisation pattern; bpe merge by lowest rank

OpenHands repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Licence; quickstart container command

OpenRLHF — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; supported algorithms; Ray, vLLM and DeepSpeed; licence

OpenTelemetry — GenAI semantic conventions repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Repository description; spans, metrics and events for GenAI clients and MCP

Qwen Code — model providersretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Local self-hosted models

Qwen3-Coder repository READMEretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Fill in the middle with Qwen3-Coder

SafeAILab/EAGLE repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Training; hardware; Training; hardware; SpecForge recommendation

safetensors — format specificationretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-12

Sections: Format; Format; Notes

SentencePiece — READMEretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Description; whitespace escaped as ▁ (U+2581); lossless detokenisation

SkyRLretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: README; components; releases

SpecForge — training guideretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Training entry point; configuration; data sources

transformers v5.16.1 — modeling_qwen3.py (Qwen3MLP, Qwen3RMSNorm, the norms in a block)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Qwen3RMSNorm; Qwen3MLP; rotate_half; apply_rotary_pos_emb; repeat_kv; eager_attention_forward; Qwen3Attention; Qwen3DecoderLayer; Qwen3ForCausalLM.forward - logits_to_keep, past_key_values

TRL — GRPOTrainer and GRPOConfig source at v1.12.0retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: advantage computation (nanstd, scale_rewards, + 1e-4); grpo_config.py scale_rewards default

TRL — SFTConfig source at v1.12.0retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: completion_only_loss; assistant_only_loss; loss_type

verl — READMEretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; supported algorithms; backends; hardware; licence

vLLM v0.28.0 — Tool callingretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Qwen models

vLLM v0.28.0 — vllm/benchmarks/serve.py and vllm/benchmarks/datasets/datasets.pyretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: add_cli_args; TPOT definition; result printout; random dataset options

vLLM v0.28.0 — vllm/config/cache.pyretrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: gpu_memory_utilization; enable_prefix_caching default; kv_cache_memory_bytes; cache_dtype; DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE

vLLM v0.28.0 — vllm/config/model.py (_get_and_verify_max_len)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: _get_and_verify_max_len; VLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN

vLLM v0.28.0 — vllm/v1/core/kv_cache_utils.pyretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: get_num_blocks; get_max_concurrency_for_kv_cache_config; "GPU KV cache size" log line; insufficient-memory errors

vLLM v0.28.0 — vllm/v1/metrics/loggers.pyretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: periodic stats line; metric names and labels

vLLM v0.28.0 — vllm/v1/worker/gpu_worker.py and vllm/v1/worker/utils.pyretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: kv_cache_memory_bytes path; "Available KV cache memory"; request_memory error

whisper.cppretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: README; licence; supported platforms

gmktec.com

GMKtec EVO-X2 AI Mini PC product pageretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: Specifications; Onboard LPDDR5X (non-upgradeable), 8000MHz

goose-docs.ai

Goose — CLI commandsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: goose run; goose session; flags; goose run; recipe; max-turns; no-session

Goose — environment variablesretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: GOOSE_PROVIDER; GOOSE_MODE; GOOSE_MAX_TURNS

Goose — providersretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: OpenAI-compatible; Ollama; tool-calling requirement

Goose — recipe referenceretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Top-level keys; extensions block

Goose — using extensionsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Built-in extensions; adding an MCP server; Adding an MCP server

grafana.com

Grafana — Configure Grafana with Dockerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Environment variables; GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD

gutenberg.org

Project Gutenberg — Permission, How Toretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Public domain in the US; trademark; other countries

hub.docker.com

Docker Hub — caddy official imageretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: /data and /config; do not mount the Caddyfile directly

Docker Hub — nvidia/cuda tag 13.0.1-devel-ubuntu24.04retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: compressed size per architecture (arm64 3,904,944,943 bytes)

huggingface.co

Cosmopedia dataset cardretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Dataset description; Dataset splits; Dataset creation

Datasets documentation — Loadretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: JSON; Local and remote files; Hugging Face Hub; Local and remote files; JSON

DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B and Qwen2.5-Math-7B tokenizer and config filesretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: tokenizer.json added_tokens ids 151643 to 151659; tokenizer_config.json chat_template; config.json vocab_size

DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B model cardretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Model Downloads, DeepSeek-R1-Distill Models (table and the note on configs and tokenizers); Usage recommendations; License; Model summary; base model; licence; Licence; Model summary; licence; Distillation procedure; licence; usage recommendations

ggml-org/gpt-oss-120b-GGUF — gpt-oss-120b-MXFP4.gguf header, read by HTTP range requestretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: tensor table - expert weights MXFP4; attention, token_embd and output Q8_0; router and biases F32

ggml-org/Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct-GGUF on Hugging Faceretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Quantised files; usage with the llama.cpp server

gpt-oss-120b - config.jsonretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: layer_types, sliding_window, num_local_experts, num_experts_per_tok, quantization_config

Hugging Face Hub — CLI guideretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Download files; cache management; Download; cache management and verification

Hugging Face Hub — Command Line Interface (hf), v1.30.0retrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: hf auth login; hf auth whoami; hf download; Dry-run mode; Download to a local folder; Quiet mode; Download timeout; hf auth login; hf auth whoami; hf download; hf cache ls; hf env

Hugging Face Hub — file listings for unsloth/Qwen3-8B-GGUF, Qwen/Qwen3-8B-AWQ and Qwen/Qwen3-8Bretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: file sizes; Qwen3-8B-Q4_K_M.gguf size and sha256; AWQ config.json

Hugging Face Hub API - model info, tags and file trees for the repositories named on this pageretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: read with huggingface_hub 1.30.0 (model_info, list_repo_tree, get_safetensors_metadata)

Hugging Face Hub documentation - Gated modelsretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Access gated models as a user; Download files; Access gated models as a user; Manage gated models as a model author

Hugging Face Hub documentation — Command Line Interface (CLI)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: hf auth login; hf download; Download a specific revision

Hugging Face Hub documentation — Command Line Interface (hf)retrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Getting started; Output formatting; hf auth login; hf auth whoami; hf download; hf cache verify; hf cache prune; hf env; hf download; hf cache; hf auth login; hf upload; hf cache verify

Hugging Face Hub documentation — Download files from the Hubretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Download files to a local folder; Dry-run mode; Faster downloads; Downloading a specific revision; the LFS SHA-256

Hugging Face Hub documentation — Environment variablesretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: HF_HOME; HF_HUB_CACHE; HF_TOKEN; HF_HUB_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT; HF_HUB_DISABLE_XET; HF_XET_HIGH_PERFORMANCE; HF_XET_RECONSTRUCT_WRITE_SEQUENTIALLY; HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER (deprecated)

Hugging Face Hub documentation — Understand cachingretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: File-based caching; refs, blobs, snapshots, trees; limitations; CACHEDIR.TAG; inspect, verify and clean your cache

Hugging Face Hub documentation — User access tokensretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: What are User Access Tokens; Best practices

Hugging Face Hub OpenAPI specification (Markdown rendering)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: GET /api/models/{namespace}/{repo}/tree/{rev}/{path}

Hugging Face Hub v1.30.0 — Environment variablesretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: HF_HOME; HF_HUB_CACHE; HF_TOKEN_PATH

Hugging Face Tokenizers — Quicktourretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Build a tokenizer from scratch; Using the tokenizer; alignment tracking and offsets; Build a tokenizer from scratch; Training the tokenizer

Hugging Face Tokenizers 0.23.2 — API reference, Tokenizerretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: The pipeline; from_file; encode; decode; train_from_iterator; get_vocab_size; token_to_id; id_to_token

Hugging Face Transformers — Attention backendsretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-12

Sections: Attention backends; Set an attention backend; Set an attention backend

Hugging Face Transformers — Cache strategies (KV cache)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Default cache; Cache offloading; Quantized cache; Prefill a cache

Hugging Face Transformers — Chat templatesretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Using apply_chat_template; add_generation_prompt; Using apply_chat_template; the special-tokens warning; add_generation_prompt; Model training; Using apply_chat_template; add_generation_prompt; Model training; Model training; apply_chat_template; apply_chat_template; add_generation_prompt; Model training; Model training

Hugging Face Transformers — Chat templatesretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Using apply_chat_template; add_generation_prompt; continue_final_message; Model training; add_generation_prompt

Hugging Face Transformers — Generation strategiesretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-12

Sections: Greedy search; Sampling; Greedy search; Sampling; Beam search

Hugging Face Transformers — Loading modelsretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Custom models; trust_remote_code; revision pinning; Custom models; trust_remote_code; loading from a specific revision

Hugging Face Transformers — Model outputsretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-12

Sections: BaseModelOutput; attentions; BaseModelOutput; hidden_states; CausalLMOutput; attentions; logits

Hugging Face Transformers — Tokenization algorithms (tokenizer summary)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Byte pair encoding; Byte-level BPE; Unigram; SentencePiece; WordPiece; Word-level; Character-level

huggingface_hub 1.30.0 — Command Line Interfaceretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: hf download; Download a single file; Download to a local folder

HuggingFaceFW/fineweb - dataset cardretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: What is being released; data processing pipeline; deduplication; licence (ODC-By 1.0 and CommonCrawl Terms of Use); token counts with the gpt2 tokenizer

HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu - dataset cardretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Educational classifier (Llama3-70B-Instruct annotations, score threshold 3, about 92 per cent removed); deduplication ablation; licence; What is it; Dataset curation; Annotation; Licensing Information; Licensing Information

Llama-3.1-Minitron-4B-Width-Base model cardretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Model architecture; training; licence; Licence; model architecture

mradermacher/Qwen3-0.6B-Base-GGUF and unsloth/Qwen3-0.6B-GGUF - GGUF header metadataretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id read from the smallest file of each repository; Hub base_model tags

openai/gpt-oss-20b model cardretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: MXFP4 quantisation of the MoE weights; licence; parameter counts; Model card; memory footprint; Highlights (MXFP4 quantization); licence; Highlights; Reasoning levels; chat_template.jinja; Model description; quantisation; Reasoning levels; harmony response format; Licence; MXFP4 quantisation; evaluation; Harmony format; reasoning effort; agentic capabilities

parakeet-tdt-0.6b-v3 model cardretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-12

Sections: Model overview; licence; input format; long-form audio

PEFT — LoRA developer guideretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Merging adapters; merge_and_unload; Rank and alpha; Target modules; Merging adapters; Initialization; Rank and alpha; Target modules; rsLoRA; DoRA; Merging adapters; Merging adapters; merge_adapter; merge_and_unload

PEFT — Quantizationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: torchao caveats; Quantize a model; LoraConfig; QLoRA-style training; torchao caveats; LoftQ; Quantize a model; QLoRA-style training

Qwen/Qwen3-8B — config.jsonretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: hidden_size, intermediate_size, num_hidden_layers, num_attention_heads, num_key_value_heads, head_dim, vocab_size, tie_word_embeddings, initializer_range; vocab_size

Qwen3-0.6B — config.jsonretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: num_hidden_layers, num_key_value_heads, head_dim, tie_word_embeddings

Qwen3-0.6B model card and config.jsonretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Model overview; config.json; Model overview; licence

Qwen3-0.6B-Base and Qwen3-0.6B repository filesretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: generation_config.json and tokenizer_config.json of both repositories, and of the 1.7B pair

Qwen3-1.7B — files and versionsretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: pre_tokenizer regex; added_tokens; chat_template; file checksums, compared with Qwen3-0.6B and Qwen3-8B

Qwen3-1.7B model card and config.jsonretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Model overview; config.json; Model Overview; Quickstart; Switching Between Thinking and Non-Thinking Mode; Best Practices; Model Overview; Switching Between Thinking and Non-Thinking Mode; Best Practices; Model overview; licence

Qwen3-30B-A3B — config.jsonretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: num_experts, num_experts_per_tok, num_key_value_heads, head_dim

Qwen3-30B-A3B-Thinking-2507 model cardretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Model overview note on thinking mode; long-context evaluation notes; Best practices

Qwen3-4B model cardretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: Model overview; switching between thinking and non-thinking mode; best practices; licence; Model Overview; Processing Long Texts; Licence; Best Practices; Model overview; licence; best practices; Licence; model overview; Best practices; sampling settings; Agentic use; licence; best practices; Licence; best practices

Qwen3-8B model card and config.jsonretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: Model Overview; Processing Long Texts; config.json; Model overview; config.json; Model overview; Processing long texts; Context length; enable_thinking; apply_chat_template example; vocab_size, bos_token_id, eos_token_id; Metadata; Model Overview; Processing Long Texts; Best Practices; Switching between thinking and non-thinking mode; Best practices; Model overview; context length; Best Practices; thinking and non-thinking modes; Switching between thinking and non-thinking mode; Best Practices; recommended sampling settings; Switching Between Thinking and Non-Thinking Mode; Best Practices; Model overview; licence; Best practices; Model overview; Model overview; licence; best practices; Model overview; best practices; Best Practices; benchmark evaluation; Context length; YaRN; Thinking and non-thinking modes; agentic use; enable_thinking; sampling settings per mode; Thinking and non-thinking modes; enable_thinking; sampling settings; output length

Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B model cardretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-12

Sections: Model overview; usage (last_token_pool, F.normalize, padding_side); instruction format; MRL dimensions; Instruction format; dimensions; licence; Model overview; instruction format; dimensions

Qwen3-Reranker-0.6B model card and repository filesretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-12

Sections: Transformers usage; modules.json; 1_LogitScore/config.json; Prompt format; evaluation setup; licence; Model overview; prompt format; evaluation setup

Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct model cardretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-12

Sections: README; config.json; preprocessor_config.json; Capabilities; context length; deployment

smolagents — Guided tourretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: CodeAgent versus ToolCallingAgent; multi-agents; Multi-agents; managed_agents; name and description

smolagents — Introductionretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Key features; code agents and tool-calling agents; The agent loop in a thousand lines

smolagents — Models referenceretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: OpenAIModel; LiteLLMModel; VLLMModel; MLXModel

Transformers documentation — Tool useretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Passing tools; JSON schemas; get_json_schema; Passing tools; JSON schemas

Transformers documentation — Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: train; save_model; save_state; Trainer; train; evaluate; save_model

transformers documentation — TrainingArgumentsretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: weight_decay (the page served v5.17.0 on the retrieval date)

TRL — Dataset formats and typesretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Standard and conversational formats; language modeling; prompt-completion; Prompt-completion; conversational; Conversational prompt-completion; Preference; Unpaired preference; Which dataset type to use; Preference; Unpaired preference; Prompt-only; Which dataset type to use; Preference; Conversational; Tool Calling; the tools column; Tool Calling; Tool Calling; the tools column

TRL — SFT Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Expected dataset type and format; Train on completion only; Train on assistant messages only; SFTConfig parameters; Logged metrics; Quick start; Customization; Logged metrics; SFTConfig parameters; Quick start; Train adapters with PEFT; SFTConfig parameters; SFTTrainer parameters; quantization_config; Train adapters with PEFT; Train with Unsloth; Looking deeper into the SFT method; Computing the loss

TRL — Transformers Reinforcement Learningretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Trainer taxonomy; offline, online and distillation methods; What's New; Taxonomy; What's New; Taxonomy; Knowledge distillation

TRL 1.12.0 documentation — SFTConfigretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: SFTConfig signature (weight_decay default) and the list of defaults that differ from TrainingArguments

TRL documentation — Async Distillation Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: teacher_server_urls; tokenizer requirement; Overview; How it differs; AsyncDistillationConfig

TRL documentation — Dataset formats and typesretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; Standard; Conversational; Prompt-completion; Which dataset type to use; Prompt-completion

TRL documentation — Distillation Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: DistillationTrainer parameters; DistillationConfig; Overview; Quick start; Computing the loss; Expected dataset type; Logged metrics; Train adapters with PEFT; DistillationConfig; Overview; Computing the loss; Expected dataset type; DistillationConfig; Overview; DistillationTrainer parameters

TRL documentation — DPO Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Expected dataset type and format; Looking deeper into the DPO method; Loss Types; Logged metrics; DPOConfig; Looking deeper into the DPO method; Logged metrics; Quick start; Expected dataset type and format; Train adapters with PEFT; DPOConfig; Logged metrics

TRL documentation — GRPO Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Generating completions; Computing the advantage; Estimating the KL divergence; Computing the loss; GRPOConfig; Logged metrics; Quick start; Using custom reward functions; GRPOConfig; Speeding up training with vLLM; Logged metrics; GRPOConfig; Logged metrics; Using custom reward functions; GRPOConfig reward_weights; Logged metrics; Quick start; GRPOConfig; Speeding up training with vLLM; rollout_func; Tools; Environments; custom reward function; num_generations; max_tool_calling_iterations

TRL documentation — KTO Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Expected dataset type and format; Batch size recommendations; Learning rate recommendations; Imbalanced data; KTOConfig

TRL documentation — ORPO Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; Expected dataset type; Logged metrics; ORPOConfig

TRL documentation — Reducing memory usageretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Truncation; Packing; Padding-free; Chunked cross-entropy; Gradient checkpointing; Truncation

TRL documentation — SFT Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Expected dataset type and format; Train on completion only; Train on assistant messages only; Packing; SFTConfig; Logged metrics; Quick start; Expected dataset type and format; Train adapters with PEFT; Train on completion only; Computing the loss; Packing; Quick start; Expected dataset type and format; Train adapters with PEFT

TRL documentation — SFT Trainerretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Expected dataset type and format; Train on completion only; Train adapters with PEFT; Expected dataset type and format; Train adapters with PEFT; Expected dataset type and format; Train on completion only; Tool Calling with SFT; Train on assistant messages only; Train on assistant messages only; Tool Calling with SFT; Train adapters with PEFT

TRL documentation — vLLM integrationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: How TRL uses the server; Modes of using vLLM during training; Supported versions; Modes of using vLLM during training; Supported versions; How TRL uses the server; Modes of using vLLM during training; Advanced usage

unsloth/Qwen3-235B-A22B-GGUF model repositoryretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: IQ4_XS directory, three shards; Files and versions; the IQ4_XS directory; Files and versions; IQ4_XS; config.json

unsloth/Qwen3-32B-GGUF — Qwen3-32B-UD-IQ2_XXS.gguf header, read by HTTP range requestretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: tensor table - token_embd.weight Q3_K, output.weight Q5_K, 9,271,120,896 tensor bytes

unsloth/Qwen3-8B-GGUF — file listing (Hub tree API)retrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: Qwen3-8B-Q4_K_M.gguf, 5,027,784,512 bytes; tensor list read from the file's first 16 MiB; file names, byte sizes and LFS SHA-256 for unsloth/Qwen3-4B, 8B, 14B, 30B-A3B, 32B and 235B-A22B GGUF and ggml-org/gpt-oss-20b and 120b GGUF

invariantlabs.ai

Invariant Labs — MCP security notification, tool poisoning attacksretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Tool poisoning; rug pulls; Tool poisoning; rug pulls; tool shadowing; Definition; the addition-tool example; rug pull; shadowing; mitigations

jeffgeerling.com

1.5 TB of VRAM on Mac Studio - RDMA over Thunderbolt 5retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Enabling RDMA; Stability Issues; Baseline; HPL and Llama.cpp; Enabling RDMA; Stability Issues

jetbrains.com

jupyterlab.readthedocs.io

JupyterLab documentation — Starting JupyterLabretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: jupyter lab; the working directory

keith.github.io

kilo.ai

langfuse.com

Langfuse — Documentationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: What Langfuse is; self-hosting; traces, sessions and scores; OpenTelemetry

learn.chatgpt.com

Codex — advanced configurationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: OSS mode; provider examples

Codex — agent approvals and securityretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Approval policies; bypass flag; Approval policies; CLI flags; codex exec; sandbox and approval flags

Codex — AGENTS.mdretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Discovery precedence; size limit

Codex — configuration referenceretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: model_providers; oss_provider; wire_api; mcp_servers; mcp_servers; sandbox_mode; approval_policy; model_providers; oss_provider; wire_api

Codex — sandboxingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Sandbox modes

OpenAI Codex — MCPretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: codex mcp add; mcp_servers in config.toml

learn.microsoft.com

Advanced settings configuration in WSLretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: .wslconfig; memory and swap defaults; the 8 second rule; wsl --shutdown

Microsoft Learn — Accessing network applications with WSLretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Mirrored mode networking; Hyper-V firewall (New-NetFirewallHyperVRule)

Microsoft Learn — Basic commands for WSLretrieved 2026-09-12, 2026-09-13

Sections: wsl --update; wsl --status; running a Linux command as wsl <command>; wsl --install; wsl --update; wsl --status

lemonade-server.ai

Lemonade — CLI referenceretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: pull; load; unload; status; backends install; global options

librechat.ai

LibreChat documentationretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Installation; custom endpoints

livecodebench.github.io

LiveCodeBenchretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Scenarios; contamination; Date-stamped problems; contamination analysis

lmarena.ai

lmstudio.ai

LM Studio — Tool useretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Native and default tool use; supported models; streaming

LM Studio Docs — Headless Moderetrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: llmster daemon; run on login; just-in-time model loading

LM Studio Docs — homeretrieved 2026-09-08, 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; llama.cpp and MLX engines; Developer; OpenAI compatibility API

LM Studio Docs — OpenAI Compatibility APIretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Supported endpoints; base URL and port

lmsys.org

Fast and Expressive LLM Inference with RadixAttention and SGLangretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: RadixAttention; cache reuse patterns

maa.org

man.freebsd.org

FreeBSD manual pages - netstat (1)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Options -i, -b, -I

FreeBSD manual pages — ping (8)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Options -c, -s, -D, -q

man.openbsd.org

man7.org

manpages.ubuntu.com

Ubuntu manual pages — ip-link (8)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: ip link set; ip link show

Ubuntu manual pages — ping (8)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Options -c, -s, -M, -q

microsoft.github.io

AutoGen — Modelsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: OpenAI-compatible endpoints note; model_info

ml-explore.github.io

MLX 0.32.2 documentation — mlx.core.quantizeretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: modes affine, mxfp4, mxfp8, nvfp4; group sizes and bits per mode; biases only for affine

MLX documentation — Build and Installretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Python Installation; Requirements; the Rosetta check; the mlx[cpu] Linux build; Python Installation; Requirements

MLX documentation — Devices and Streamsretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: default_device; set_default_device

MLX documentation — Distributed Communicationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Thunderbolt ring; JACCL backend; Ring backend; JACCL backend; Backends; hostfile; RDMA over Thunderbolt; topologies; Backends; Getting Started with JACCL; Getting Started with Ring; Thunderbolt Ring; Getting Started with JACCL; Enabling RDMA; Defining a Mesh; Backends; Selecting Backend; Getting Started with Ring; Getting Started with JACCL; Getting Started with MPI; Distributed Without mlx.launch

MLX documentation — Launching Distributed Programsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: mlx.distributed_config; mlx.launch; Ring Specifics; JACCL Specifics; mlx.distributed_config; mlx.launch; Providing Hosts; Ring Specifics; JACCL Specifics; MPI Specifics

MLX documentation — Loss functionsretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: cross_entropy; reduction defaults to none

MLX documentation — Neural Networks (mlx.nn)retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Module; mx.eval of parameters; value_and_grad; save_weights and load_weights

MLX documentation — Optimizersretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: the update / mx.eval loop; SGD

mlflow.org

MLflow documentation — Trackingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Runs and experiments; logging functions; mlflow server

modelcontextprotocol.io

Model Context Protocol — Governance and stewardshipretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Project policies; technical governance; SEPs

Model Context Protocol — Security best practicesretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Token passthrough; local server compromise; scope minimisation

Model Context Protocol — Specificationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; Security and Trust & Safety; Overview; features; Security and Trust & Safety

Model Context Protocol — Specification (2025-06-18)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Security and Trust and Safety; key principles

Model Context Protocol — Streamable HTTP transportretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Security and endpoint; request metadata headers; Security and endpoint; sending and receiving messages

Model Context Protocol — Toolsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Deterministic ordering of tools/list; Tool definitions; error handling; security considerations; User interaction model; tool definitions; error handling; security considerations; User interaction model; tool definitions; error handling; User interaction model; untrusted annotations

Model Context Protocol — Transports overviewretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Standard bindings; messages; custom transports

Model Context Protocol — Versioningretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Revision states; the current version; negotiation

networking-docs.nvidia.com

news.lmarena.ai

nginx.org

nginx — Configuring HTTPS serversretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: The minimal server block; session cache; ssl_certificate; ssl_certificate_key; default protocols

nginx — ngx_http_limit_req_moduleretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: limit_req_zone; limit_req; limit_req_status; limit_req; burst; nodelay; limit_req_status

nginx — ngx_http_proxy_moduleretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: proxy_pass; proxy_set_header; proxy_buffering; proxy_read_timeout

nvidia.com

NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Memory interface width 512-bit; 3352 AI TOPS

NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPU — specificationsretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: memory bandwidth; interconnect (PCIe Gen5); H100 SXM, BFLOAT16 Tensor Core 1,979 teraFLOPS with sparsity; max TDP

NVIDIA Nemotron Open Model Licenseretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Preamble; sections 2, 3, 7, 9 and 10 (v. December 15, 2025)

nvidia.github.io

TensorRT-LLM — Container imagesretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: docker run flags; release image tag; Pre-built images on NGC

TensorRT-LLM — Parallelism in TensorRT LLMretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview of parallelism strategies; attention module; FFN module; Wide-EP

TensorRT-LLM — Quantizationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Supported formats; hardware support matrix; ModelOpt

TensorRT-LLM 1.2.1 — Guided decodingretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Online API, trtllm-serve

TensorRT-LLM 1.2.1 — KV cache systemretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: How much memory is allocated to KV cache; cross-request reuse

TensorRT-LLM 1.2.1 — trtllm-serve CLI referenceretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: serve options; --tool_parser; --reasoning_parser; --extra_llm_api_options

TensorRT-LLM documentation — homeretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Getting started; deployment guide; features

ollama.com

openai.com

Introducing SWE-bench Verifiedretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: 500 samples; annotation; limitations

openai.github.io

OpenAI Agents SDK — Modelsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Using other LLM providers; common issues

opencode.ai

OpenCode — CLIretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: run; models; serve; global flags; opencode run flags

OpenCode — MCP serversretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Local and remote server configuration

OpenCode — rulesretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: AGENTS.md precedence

opendatacommons.org

opensource.org

Open Source AI Definition - FAQretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Kinds of training data; validation phase; legal nature of parameters

The Open Source AI Definition 1.0retrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: What is Open Source AI; Preferred form to make modifications

opentelemetry.io

packages.ubuntu.com

Ubuntu Packages — linux-oem-24.04c in noble-updatesretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: version 6.17.0-1032.32

pipx.pypa.io

pipx — CLI reference and examplesretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: pipx install PACKAGE_SPEC with a version specifier

proceedings.mlr.press

prometheus.io

Prometheus — Alerting practicesretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: What to alert on; symptom-based alerting

Prometheus — Configurationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: global; scrape_configs; static_configs; rule_files; global; scrape_configs; rule_files

Prometheus — Getting startedretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Minimal configuration; default port; --config.file; Minimal configuration; default port; starting it

Prometheus — Querying the HTTP APIretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Range queries; Instant and range queries; the JSON response

py.sdk.modelcontextprotocol.io

MCP Python SDK — Client transportsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Stdio subprocess; Streamable HTTP

MCP Python SDK — Handling errorsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: ToolError; unhandled exceptions

MCP Python SDK — Running your serverretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: stdio and streamable-http; mcp dev; mcp run

pydantic.dev

Pydantic — Getting startedretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: BaseModel; validation errors; JSON Schema

Pydantic AI — Agentsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Agent construction; running agents; usage limits; UsageLimits; request_limit; Agent construction; output_type; UsageLimits; run_sync

Pydantic AI — OpenAI modelsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: OpenAI-compatible providers; OpenAIChatModel; Responses versus Chat Completions; OpenAIChatModel; OpenAIProvider; base_url

Pydantic AI — Overviewretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Feature list; durable execution; model-agnostic

Pydantic AI — Toolsretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Registering tools; RunContext; docstring extraction; agent.tool; RunContext; docstring extraction

pymupdf.readthedocs.io

PyMuPDF — Aboutretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Licensing; capabilities

pypi.org

amd-debug-tools 0.2.21 — amd_debug/ttm.py and common.py (PyPI wheel)retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: TTM_PARAM_PATH; MODPROBE_CONF_PATH; MAX_MEMORY_PERCENTAGE; gb_to_pages; set() regenerates the initramfs, clear() does not; --version

Distilabel on PyPIretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Release history

PyPI — mlx-metal 0.32.2 release filesretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: required by mlx 0.32.2 on Darwin; wheel sizes 42.5 MB (macOS 14 and 15) and 64.4 MB (macOS 26)

PyPI — onnxruntime 1.26.0 filesretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: macOS wheels (macosx_14_0_arm64 only)

PyPI — torch 2.14.0 release files and dependenciesretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Wheel sizes per platform (x86_64 554.6 MB, aarch64 454.0 MB, macOS arm64 127.3 MB); requires_dist (cuda-toolkit, cudnn, nccl, cusparselt, nvshmem on Linux)

rustbpe on PyPIretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Published wheels

raw.githubusercontent.com

Llama 3.1 model card (meta-llama/llama-models)retrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Instruction-tuned model evaluation results

mlx-lm — fuseretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Command-line arguments

nanochat — scripts/base_train.pyretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Scaling laws and muP extrapolations; learning-rate schedule; training loop logging

Ollama API documentationretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Generate a chat completion; Show model information; List running models

Ollama API documentation — OpenAI compatibilityretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Supported request fields; Setting the context size

Ollama documentation — Dockerretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Nvidia GPU; AMD GPU; Vulkan support

Ollama documentation — FAQretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: How can I expose Ollama on my network; setting environment variables on Mac; keep alive; context window size; concurrency; Where are models stored; how do I set them to a different location; Context window size; where models are stored; keep alive; concurrency; multiple GPUs; K/V cache quantisation

Ollama documentation — Hardware supportretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Nvidia; AMD Radeon; Metal; Vulkan GPU support; GPU selection

Ollama documentation — Linuxretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Install; ARM64 install; AMD GPU install; startup service; customising

Ollama documentation — macOSretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: System requirements; filesystem requirements; troubleshooting

Ollama documentation — Modelfile referenceretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: FROM — build from a GGUF file; Instructions; PARAMETER; TEMPLATE; SYSTEM; ADAPTER; LICENSE; REQUIRES

Ollama documentation at v0.33.3 — FAQretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: How can I specify the context window size; How do I configure Ollama server; concurrency; K/V cache quantization

Ollama documentation at v0.33.3 — Modelfile referenceretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: PARAMETER — valid parameters and values

Ollama documentation at v0.33.3 — OpenAI compatibilityretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Supported request fields (reasoning_effort); Setting the context size

Open WebUI — LICENSE fileretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: Clause 4

Qwen2.5-Coder repositoryretrieved 2026-09-08

Sections: File-level code completion (fill in the middle)

rfc-editor.org

rocm.docs.amd.com

AMD — Install Ryzen Software for Linux with ROCm (ROCm on Radeon and Ryzen, 7.2.1)retrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Prepare the system; amdgpu-install; --no-dkms; groups; rocminfo; Configure shared memory; amd-ttm

AMD ROCm 10.0.0 — Install AMD ROCmretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: OEM kernel for Ryzen APUs; uninstall ROCm 7.2.4 or older first

AMD SMI — Using the AMD SMI CLI toolretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: metric -p for power; JSON output; metric -p; metric -v; JSON output; metric; power and memory; JSON output

AMD SMI documentationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Relationship to ROCm SMI

ROCm 10.0.0 compatibility matrixretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-13

Sections: System requirements and information; AMD APU series; Ryzen APU; AMD Ryzen AI Max+ 395 (Radeon 8060S) (gfx1151); supported Ubuntu versions 26.04 and 24.04.4; inbox kernel driver; Supported GPUs; supported operating systems; AMD APU series; supported operating systems

ROCm documentation — Installing PyTorch for ROCmretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Using a wheels package (nightly rocm7.2 index); Testing the PyTorch installation; docker, video and render groups; Using a wheels package; Using a wheels package; Using a Docker image; Testing the PyTorch installation

ROCm documentation — Prerequisitesretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Configuring permissions for GPU access; the statement on integrated graphics

ROCm documentation — Quick start installation guideretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: amdgpu driver and ROCm packages per distribution; usermod for the render and video groups

ryzenai.docs.amd.com

scikit-learn.org

simonwillison.net

software.es.net

sqlite.org

SQLite — Write-Ahead Loggingretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: Checkpointing; the last connection closing

support.apple.com

support.google.com

swebench.com

SWE-benchretrieved 2026-09-12

Sections: Leaderboard results data, bash-only entry 20250807_mini-v1.7.0_gpt-oss-120b

tbench.ai

Terminal-Benchretrieved 2026-09-09, 2026-09-12

Sections: Leaderboard; benchmark description

tensorflow.org

unsloth.ai

Unsloth documentation — AMD installationretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Supported GPUs; ROCm versions; Supported GPUs; ROCm versions; installation

Unsloth documentation — homeretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Overview; supported platforms

Unsloth documentation — pip installretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Installation commands; requirements

verl.readthedocs.io

verl documentation — Agentic RL Trainingretrieved 2026-09-09

Sections: Agent loop; rollout backends; configuration

vulkan.lunarg.com

Vulkan SDK — Getting started on Linuxretrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-tools; Verify the SDK installation

Vulkan SDK — vulkaninforetrieved 2026-09-13

Sections: --summary

zed.dev